This has major implications for ideas about the distinction between value creation and value extraction, the nature of unearned income (‘rent’) and how value should be distributed. By contrast, the current mainstream ‘marginalist’ concept bases value on market exchanges: price, as revealed by the interaction of supply and demand in markets, determines value, and the only things that have value are those that fetch a price. In this view, value determines price (Four decades ago, I described this in terms of embodied energy: see R. The 2008 financial crisis was just a taste of looming problems - climate disruption, massive biodiversity and ecosystem-services decline, even the possible collapse of Western civilization - unless we learn to value what really matters.Įarly economists focused on the production of value from land (François Quesnay and the ‘physiocrats’), labour (Adam Smith to Karl Marx) and capital. Mazzucato emphasizes the need to reopen debate to make economies more productive, equitable and sustainable. Economist Mariana Mazzucato’s comprehensive The Value of Everything explores how ideas about what value is, where it comes from and how it should be distributed have changed in the past 400 years, and why value matters now more than ever. What we value and how we value it is one of the most contested, misunderstood and important ideas in economics. The Value of Everything: Making and Taking in the Global Economy Mariana Mazzucato Allen Lane (2018)
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